Isesengura ryamasoko ya Ethylene oxyde sterilisation yibikoresho byubuvuzi

I. Amavu n'amavuko
Muri rusange, ibikoresho byubuvuzi byatewe na okiside ya Ethylene bigomba gusesengurwa no gusuzumwa ibisigisigi nyuma yo kuboneza urubyaro, kubera ko ibisigisigi bifitanye isano rya bugufi n’ubuzima bw’abahuye n’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi.Ethylene oxyde ni sisitemu yo hagati yo kwiheba.Niba uhuye nuruhu, umutuku no kubyimba bibaho byihuse, kubyimba bibaho nyuma yamasaha make, kandi guhura kenshi birashobora gutera ubukangurambaga.Kumenagura amazi mumaso birashobora gutera corneal.Mugihe umaze igihe kinini uhura na bike, syndrome ya neurasthenia hamwe nindwara yibimera yibimera irashobora kugaragara.Byavuzwe ko umunwa ukabije LD50 mu mbeba ari 330 mg / Kg, kandi ko okiside ya Ethylene ishobora kongera umuvuduko wo gukuramo amagufwa ya chromosomes yo mu magufa [1].Umubare munini wa kanseri n’impfu byagaragaye ku bakozi bahuye na okiside ya Ethylene.[2] 2-Chloroethanol irashobora gutera erythma y'uruhu iyo ihuye nuruhu;irashobora kwinjizwa muburyo butandukanye kugirango itere uburozi.Kurya mu kanwa birashobora kwica.Kumara igihe kirekire bishobora kwangiza sisitemu yo hagati, sisitemu yumutima nimiyoboro.Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu gihugu no mu mahanga kuri Ethylene glycol bwemeza ko uburozi bwabwo buri hasi.Uburyo bwa metabolisme mu mubiri ni kimwe na Ethanol, binyuze muri metabolism ya Ethanol dehydrogenase na acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, ibicuruzwa nyamukuru ni aside glyoxalic, aside oxyde na aside ya lactique, ifite uburozi bwinshi.Kubwibyo, ibipimo byinshi bifite ibisabwa byihariye kubisigisigi nyuma yo guterwa na okiside ya Ethylene.Kurugero, GB / T. by'ibisigisigi bya okiside ya Ethylene na 2-chloroethanol.GB/T 16886.7-2015 ivuga neza ko iyo ukoresheje GB / T 16886.7-2015, havuzwe neza ko iyo 2-chloroethanol ibaho mubikoresho byubuvuzi byandujwe na okiside ya Ethylene, ibisigisigi byayo byemewe cyane nayo iragaragara.Niyo mpamvu, birakenewe gusesengura byimazeyo umusaruro wibisigisigi bisanzwe (okiside ya Ethylene, 2-chloroethanol, Ethylene glycol) biva mubikorwa, gutwara no kubika okiside ya Ethylene, gukora ibikoresho byubuvuzi, hamwe nuburyo bwo kuboneza urubyaro.

II.Isesengura ryibisigisigi
Umusaruro wa okiside ya Ethylene ugabanijwe muburyo bwa chlorohydrin nuburyo bwa okiside.Muri byo, uburyo bwa chlorohydrin nuburyo bwo gutanga umusaruro wa Ethylene kare.Irimo ahanini inzira ebyiri zo kwitwara: intambwe yambere: C2H4 + HClO - CH2Cl - CH2OH;intambwe ya kabiri: CH2Cl - CH2OH + CaOH2 - C2H4O + CaCl2 + H2O.uburyo bwacyo bwo gukora Igicuruzwa giciriritse ni 2-chloroethanol (CH2Cl-CH2OH).Kubera ikoranabuhanga ryasubiye inyuma ryuburyo bwa chlorohydrin, umwanda ukabije w’ibidukikije, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa byangirika bikabije by’ibikoresho, inganda nyinshi zavanyweho [4].Uburyo bwa okiside [3] bugabanijwe muburyo bwumwuka na ogisijeni.Ukurikije ubuziranenge butandukanye bwa ogisijeni, umusaruro wingenzi urimo ibintu bibiri byerekana: intambwe yambere: 2C2H4 + O2 - 2C2H4O;intambwe ya kabiri: C2H4 + 3O2 - 2CO2 + H2O.Kugeza ubu, umusaruro w’inganda ya okiside ya Ethylene Kugeza ubu, umusaruro w’inganda ya okiside ya Ethylene ukoresha cyane cyane uburyo bwa okiside ya Ethylene itaziguye hamwe na feza nkibisubizo.Kubwibyo, umusaruro wa okiside ya Ethylene nikintu kigena isuzuma rya 2-chloroethanol nyuma yo kuboneza urubyaro.
Twifashishije ingingo zifatika ziri mu gipimo cya GB / T 16886.7-2015 kugira ngo hashyizwe mu bikorwa kwemeza no guteza imbere gahunda ya sterilisation ya Ethylene, ukurikije imiterere ya fiziki ya chimique ya okiside ya Ethylene, ibisigisigi byinshi bibaho muburyo bwambere nyuma yo kuboneza urubyaro.Ibintu bigira ingaruka kumubare wibisigisigi cyane cyane harimo adsorption ya okiside ya Ethylene nibikoresho byubuvuzi, ibikoresho byo gupakira hamwe nubunini, ubushyuhe nubushuhe mbere na nyuma yo kuboneza urubyaro, igihe cyibikorwa byo guhagarika igihe nigihe cyo gukemura, imiterere yabitswe, nibindi, kandi ibintu byavuzwe haruguru byerekana guhunga ubushobozi bwa okiside ya Ethylene.Byatangajwe mu bitabo [5] ko ubusanzwe intungamubiri ya Ethylene oxyde sterilisation itorwa nka 300-1000mg.L-1.Ibintu byatakaje okiside ya Ethylene mugihe cyo kuboneza urubyaro harimo: adsorption yibikoresho byubuvuzi, hydrolysis mugihe cyubushuhe runaka, nibindi.Ubushuhe bwa 500-600mg.L-1 burasa nubukungu kandi bukora neza, bigabanya ikoreshwa rya okiside ya Ethylene hamwe nibisigara kubintu byanduye, bizigama igiciro cyo kuboneza urubyaro.
Chlorine ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha mu nganda zikora imiti, ibicuruzwa byinshi bifitanye isano ya hafi.Irashobora gukoreshwa nkigihe gito, nka vinyl chloride, cyangwa nkigicuruzwa cyanyuma, nka byakuya.Muri icyo gihe, chlorine ibaho no mu kirere, mu mazi no mu bindi bidukikije, ingaruka ku mubiri w'umuntu nazo ziragaragara.Kubwibyo, mugihe ibikoresho byubuvuzi bireba byatewe na okiside ya Ethylene, hagomba gusuzumwa isesengura ryimbitse kubyakozwe, kuboneza urubyaro, kubika nibindi bice byibicuruzwa, kandi hagomba gufatwa ingamba zigamije kugenzura umubare wa 2-chloroethanol.
Mu bitabo byavuzwe ko [6] ko ibikubiye muri 2-chloroethanol byageze kuri 150 µg / igice nyuma y’amasaha 72 yo gukemura ikibazo cy’imfashanyo yatewe na okiside ya Ethylene, kandi hifashishijwe ibikoresho by’itumanaho bigufi byateganijwe. mubipimo bya GB / T16886.7-2015, impuzandengo ya buri munsi ya 2-chloroethanol kumurwayi ntigomba kurenza mg 9, kandi amafaranga asigara ari munsi cyane kurenza agaciro ntarengwa mubipimo.
Ubushakashatsi [7] bwapimye ibisigisigi bya okiside ya Ethylene na 2-chloroethanol mu bwoko butatu bw’udodo twa suture, kandi ibisubizo bya okiside ya Ethylene ntibyamenyekanye kandi 2-chloroethanol yari 53.7 µg.g-1 kumutwe wa suture hamwe nudodo twa nylon .YY 0167-2005 iteganya imipaka yo gutahura okiside ya Ethylene ya suture yo kubaga idashobora kwakirwa, kandi nta tegeko rya 2-chloroethanol.Suture ifite ubushobozi bwamazi menshi yinganda mubikorwa byo kubyaza umusaruro.Ibyiciro bine byubwiza bwamazi yubutaka bwacu burakoreshwa mubice rusange byo kurinda inganda n’umubiri w’umuntu udahuye n’amazi, ubusanzwe bivurwa na bleach, birashobora kurwanya algae na mikorobe mu mazi, bikoreshwa mu gukumira no gukumira icyorezo cy’isuku; .Ibyingenzi byingenzi bikora ni calcium hypochlorite, ikorwa no kunyuza gaze ya chlorine ikoresheje hekeste.Kalisiyumu hypochlorite yangirika mu kirere byoroshye, formulaire nyamukuru ni: Ca (ClO) 2 + CO2 + H2O - CaCO3 + 2HClO.hypochlorite ibora byoroshye muri acide hydrochloric n'amazi munsi yumucyo, formulaire nyamukuru ni: 2HClO + urumuri - 2HCl + O2.2HCl + O.
Byatangajwe mu bitabo [8] ko ibisigisigi 2-chloroethanol ku ngero za IOL byakuwe mu gukuramo ultrasonic hamwe na acetone kandi bigenwa na gazi chromatografiya-mass spectrometrie, ariko ntibyamenyekanye. YY0290.8-2008 “Ophthalmic Optics Artificial Lens Igice cya 8: Ibisabwa by'ibanze "ivuga ko amafaranga asigaye ya 2-chloroethanol kuri IOL atagomba kurenza 2.0µg kumunsi kuri lens, kandi ko umubare wa buri lens utagomba kurenza 5.0 GB / T16886. Igipimo cya 7-2015 kivuga ko uburozi bwa ocular buterwa n’ibisigisigi bya 2-chloroethanol byikubye inshuro 4 kurenza ibyatewe n’urwego rumwe rwa okiside ya Ethylene.
Muri make, mugihe cyo gusuzuma ibisigisigi byibikoresho byubuvuzi nyuma yo guterwa na okiside ya Ethylene, okiside ya Ethylene na 2-chloroethanol bigomba kwibandwaho, ariko ibisigazwa byabo nabyo bigomba gusesengurwa byimazeyo ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze.

Mugihe cyo guhagarika ibikoresho byubuvuzi, bimwe mubikoresho fatizo byifashishwa mubuvuzi bumwe cyangwa ibikoresho bipakira birimo polyvinyl chloride (PVC), kandi na vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) nayo izakorwa no kubora kwa PVC resin. mugihe cyo gutunganya.GB10010-2009 imiyoboro yoroshye yubuvuzi PVC iteganya ko ibiri muri VCM bidashobora kurenza 1µg.g-1.VCM irashobora guhindurwa muburyo bworoshye mugukora catalizator (peroxide, nibindi) cyangwa urumuri nubushyuhe kugirango bitange polyvinyl chloride resin, hamwe bizwi nka vinyl chloride resin.Vinyl chloride ihindurwamo polimeri byoroshye mugikorwa cya catalizator (peroxide, nibindi) cyangwa urumuri nubushyuhe kugirango bibyare chloride polyvinyl, hamwe bizwi nka vinyl chloride resin.Iyo polyvinyl chloride ishyutswe hejuru ya 100 ° C cyangwa ihuye nimirasire ya ultraviolet, birashoboka ko gaze ya hydrogène chloride ishobora guhunga.Noneho guhuza gaze ya hydrogène chloride na okiside ya Ethylene imbere muri paki bizatanga urugero runaka rwa 2-chloroethanol.
Ethylene glycol, ihamye muri kamere, ntabwo ihindagurika.Atome ya ogisijeni muri okiside ya Ethylene itwara ibice bibiri byonyine bya electron kandi ifite hydrophilique ikomeye, bigatuma byoroha kubyara Ethylene glycol mugihe ibana na ioni ya chloride.Kurugero: C2H4O + NaCl + H2O - CH2Cl - CH2OH + NaOH.iyi nzira ni shingiro ryibanze kumpera yanyuma kandi irashimangira cyane kumpera yibyara, kandi ibyago byiyi reaction ni bike.Umubare munini ni ugukora Ethylene glycol iva kuri okiside ya Ethylene ihuye n’amazi: C2H4O + H2O - CH2OH - CH2OH, kandi hydratide ya okiside ya Ethylene ibuza guhuza na ioni mbi ya chlorine.
Niba intungamubiri za chlorine zitangijwe mubikorwa, kubyara, kubika, gutwara no gukoresha ibikoresho byubuvuzi, birashoboka ko okiside ya Ethylene izabyifatamo nabo kugirango ikore 2-chloroethanol.Kuva uburyo bwa chlorohydrin bwakuwe mubikorwa byo kubyaza umusaruro, ibicuruzwa byayo hagati, 2-chloroethanol, ntibizabaho muburyo bwa okiside itaziguye.Mu gukora ibikoresho byubuvuzi, ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bibisi bifite imiterere ikomeye ya adsorption ya okiside ya Ethylene na 2-chloroethanol, bityo rero kugenzura umubare w’ibisigisigi bigomba kwitabwaho mugihe ubisesenguye nyuma yo kuboneza urubyaro.Byongeye kandi, mugihe cyo gukora ibikoresho byubuvuzi, ibikoresho fatizo, inyongeramusaruro, inhibitor reaction, nibindi birimo imyunyu ngugu muburyo bwa chloride, kandi iyo ihagaritswe, birashoboka ko okiside ya Ethylene ifungura impeta mubihe bya acide cyangwa alkaline, ihura na SN2 reaction, kandi igahuza na chlorine yubusa ion kugirango habeho 2-chloroethanol igomba kwitabwaho.
Kugeza ubu, uburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwo kumenya okiside ya Ethylene, 2-chloroethanol na Ethylene glycol nuburyo bwa gaz gaz.Okiside ya Ethylene irashobora kandi gutahurwa nuburyo bwa colorimetric ukoresheje igisubizo cyikizamini cya sulfite itukura, ariko ikibi cyayo nuko ukuri kw ibisubizo byikizamini bigira ingaruka kubintu byinshi mubihe byubushakashatsi, nko kwemeza ubushyuhe buhoraho bwa 37 ° C muri ibidukikije byubushakashatsi kugirango ugenzure reaction ya Ethylene glycol, nigihe cyo gushyira igisubizo kigeragezwa nyuma yiterambere ryibara.Kubwibyo rero, kwemeza uburyo bwo kwemeza (harimo ubunyangamugayo, busobanutse, umurongo, ibyiyumvo, nibindi) muri laboratoire yujuje ibyangombwa bifite akamaro kanini mugushakisha umubare wibisigisigi.

III.Ibitekerezo kuri gahunda yo gusuzuma
Okiside ya Ethylene, 2-chloroethanol na Ethylene glycol ni ibisigara bisanzwe nyuma ya okiside ya Ethylene yangiza ibikoresho byubuvuzi.Kugira ngo hasuzumwe ibisigisigi, hagomba gutekerezwa kwinjiza ibintu bijyanye no gukora no kubika okiside ya Ethylene, kubyara no kuvanga ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi.
Hariho ibindi bibazo bibiri bigomba kwibandwaho mubikorwa nyabyo byo gusuzuma ibikoresho byubuvuzi: 1. Niba ari ngombwa gukora ikizamini cyibisigisigi bya 2-chloroethanol.Mu musaruro wa okiside ya Ethylene, niba hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa chlorohydrin gakondo, nubwo kweza, kuyungurura nubundi buryo bizakoreshwa mugikorwa cyo kubyaza umusaruro, gaze ya okiside ya Ethylene izaba irimo ibicuruzwa hagati ya 2-chloroethanol kurwego runaka, nubunini bwayo busigaye bigomba gusuzumwa.Niba uburyo bwa okiside bwakoreshejwe, nta kumenyekanisha 2-chloroethanol, ariko umubare usigaye wa inhibitor, catalizator, nibindi mubikorwa bya reaction ya Ethylene.Ibikoresho byubuvuzi bikoresha amazi menshi yinganda mugikorwa cyo kubyaza umusaruro, kandi umubare munini wa hypochlorite na chlorine ion nazo zamamazwa mubicuruzwa byarangiye, zikaba arimpamvu zituma habaho 2-chloroethanol mubisigisigi.Hariho kandi ko ibikoresho fatizo hamwe nububiko bwibikoresho byubuvuzi ari imyunyu ngugu irimo chlorine yibanze cyangwa ibikoresho bya polymer bifite imiterere ihamye kandi ntibyoroshye guca umubano, nibindi. Niyo mpamvu, birakenewe gusesengura byimazeyo niba ibyago bya 2-chloroethanol ibisigara bigomba gupimwa kugirango bisuzumwe, kandi niba hari ibimenyetso bihagije byerekana ko bitazinjizwa muri 2-chloroethanol cyangwa biri munsi y’imipaka y’uburyo bwo gutahura, ikizamini gishobora kwirengagizwa kugira ngo kigenzure ingaruka zabyo.2. Kuri Ethylene glycol Isesengura ryibisigisigi.Ugereranije na okiside ya Ethylene na 2-chloroethanol, uburozi bwo guhura bwibisigazwa bya Ethylene glycol biri hasi, ariko kubera ko umusaruro wa okiside ya Ethylene no kuyikoresha nabyo bizagerwaho na dioxyde de carbone n’amazi, kandi okiside ya Ethylene n’amazi bikunze kubyara glycol ya Ethylene, na ibikubiye muri Ethylene glycol nyuma yo kuboneza urubyaro bifitanye isano nubuziranenge bwa okiside ya Ethylene, kandi binajyanye no gupakira, ubuhehere buri muri mikorobe, hamwe nubushyuhe nubushuhe bw’ibidukikije, bityo rero, glycol ya Ethylene igomba kwitabwaho ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze; .Isuzuma.
Ibipimo ni kimwe mubikoresho byo gusuzuma tekiniki yibikoresho byubuvuzi, isuzuma rya tekiniki ryibikoresho byubuvuzi rigomba kwibanda ku bisabwa shingiro byumutekano n’ingirakamaro mu gushushanya ibicuruzwa no kwiteza imbere, umusaruro, kubika, gukoresha n’ibindi bintu bigize isesengura ryuzuye ry’ibintu bigira ingaruka umutekano nuburyo bwiza bwibitekerezo nibikorwa, bishingiye kuri siyanse, bishingiye kubintu, aho kwerekeza ku buryo butaziguye, bitandukanijwe n’imiterere nyayo yo gushushanya ibicuruzwa, ubushakashatsi n'iterambere, umusaruro no gukoresha.Igikorwa cyo gusubiramo gikwiye kwita cyane kuri sisitemu yubuziranenge bwibikoresho byubuvuzi kugirango igenzure imiyoboro ifitanye isano, icyarimwe isuzuma ku rubuga naryo rigomba kuba "ikibazo", rigatanga uruhare rwose ku ruhare rw "amaso" kuri kuzamura ireme ryisubiramo, intego yo gusuzuma siyanse.

Inkomoko: Ikigo gishinzwe gusuzuma tekiniki yibikoresho byubuvuzi, Ikigo cya Leta gishinzwe ibiyobyabwenge (SDA)

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