I. Amavu n'amavuko
Muri rusange, ibikoresho byubuvuzi byashyizwemo okide oxide igomba gusesengurwa no gusuzumwa ibisigisigi nyuma yo gusoza, nkuko ibisigi bifitanye isano rya bugufi nubuzima bwabavura. Ethylene okiside ni sisitemu yo hagati yo guhagarika umutima. Niba wavuganye nuruhu, umutuku no kubyimba bibaho vuba, ububi biboneka nyuma yamasaha make, kandi hashobora guhura nabyo birashobora gutera ubukana. Amazi yamazi mumaso arashobora gutera corneal. Mugihe hagaragaye igihe kirekire cyo guhura nindwara ntoya, syndrome ya Neurasthenia hamwe nibibazo byurubingo birashobora kugaragara. Byavuzwe ko umunwa umaze kuvuza induru ni 330 mg / kg, kandi ko Ethylene okixide ishobora kongera igipimo cyo gusoza amagufwa ya chromosomes mu rubibe [1]. Ibipimo byinshi bya karcinigenity no gupfa byagaragaye kuri okiside ya Ethylene. [2] 2-Chloroethanol irashobora gutera uruhu erythema niba ihuye nuruhu; Irashobora kwinjizwa muburyo butera uburozi. Kwingirika kumvugo birashobora kwica. Imyambarire mira idakira irashobora kwangiza sisitemu yo hagati, sisitemu yumutima. Mu gihugu no mu mahanga Ibisubizo kuri Eyylene Glycol byemeza ko uburozi bwayo ari buke. Inzira yacyo ya metabolism mumubiri ni kimwe na ethanol, binyuze muri metabolism ya ethanol dehydrowrogrogrogrogrogrogrogrogrogrogrognase na acetaldehyde dehydrodusen, ibicuruzwa byingenzi ni aside ya maltoxic, bifite uburozi bwa octuque Kubwibyo, amahame menshi afite ibisabwa byihariye kugirango ibizwe nyuma yo kuboneza urubyaro rwa Ethylene. Kurugero, GB / T 16886.7-2015 "Isuzuma ryibinyabuzima Ibikoresho bya SEXICIES igice cya 7: YY0ENE OXIDE SPRICILONIONIONIONIONIONS YESTICIES", YY0290.8-2008 "Ibipimo by'ibanze", nibindi bipimo bifite ibisabwa birambuye ku mbibi y'ibisigisigi bya Rethylene oxide na 2-Cloroethanol.GB/T 16886.7-2015 havuga neza ko iyo ukoresheje ibipimo bya muganga byagabanijwe na Ethylene oxide, ibisigisigi ntarengwa byemewe nayo igarukira. Kubwibyo, birakenewe kubyumva neza ibisigisigi bisanzwe (Ethylene oxide, 2-Chloroethanol, ubwikorezi no kubika ofide oxide, hamwe nibikoresho byo kuboneza, hamwe nuburyo bwo gupima.
II. Isesengura ry'ibisigisigi
Inzira yumusaruro wa Ethylene Oxide igabanijwemo uburyo bwa chlorohydrin nuburyo bwa okiside. Muri bo, uburyo bwa Chlorohydrin nuburyo bwa mbere bwa Ethylene oxide uburyo bwo gutanga umusaruro. Harimo ahanini inzira ebyiri: Intambwe yambere: C2H4 + HCA - CH2CL - CH2OH; Intambwe ya kabiri: CH2CL - Ch2Oh + Caoh2 - C2H4O + Cacl2 + H2O. Igisubizo cyacyo gitunganya ibicuruzwa hagati ni 2-chloroethanol (ch2cl-ch2oh). Kubera ubuhanga bwinyuma bwa chlorohydrin, umwanda ukomeye wibidukikije, hamwe nibicuruzwa byibikoresho bikomeye byibikoresho, abakora benshi bakuweho [4]. Uburyo bwa okiside [3] bugabanijwemo uburyo bwo mu kirere na ogisigeni. Dukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwa ogisijeni, umusaruro w'ingenzi urimo inzira ebyiri: Intambwe yambere: 2C2h4 + O2 - 2c2h4O; Intambwe ya kabiri: C2H4 + 3O2 - 2Co2 + H2O. Kugeza ubu, umusaruro w'inganda wa Ethylene Oxide kuri ubu, umusaruro w'inganda wa Ethylene Oxide ahanini wemeza inzira ya Ethylene itaziguye na feza nk'ubusambanyi. Kubwibyo, inzira yo kubyara ya Ethylene okiside nikintu kigena isuzuma rya 2-chloroethanol nyuma yo kumurika.
Avuga ku ngingo zibishinzwe muri GB / t 16886.7-2015 mu bikorwa byo kwemeza no guteza imbere ubuyahiri bwa Etero, bibaho muburyo bw'umwimerere nyuma yo kuboneza urubyaro. Ibintu bireba umubare wibisigazwa ahanini birimo adsorpide ya Ethylene okiside, ibikoresho byo gupakira, ubushyuhe bwayo, nibindi byavuzwe haruguru, nibindi bimenyekana byerekana gutoroka Ubushobozi bwa Etylene Oxide. Byavuzwe mu bitabo [5] ko kwibanda kuri Ethyne oxide desilisation mubisanzwe byatoranijwe nka 300-1000mg.l-1. Impamvu yo Gutakaza Oxide ofy mugihe cyo kugaya ahanini ikubiyemo: Kumenyekanisha ibikoresho byubuvuzi, Hydrolysis mubihe byubushuhe, nibindi. Kwibanda kuri 500-600mg.l-1 nibyinshi mubukungu kandi busa, kugabanya gukoresha oxide ya okiside ya rowlene hamwe nibisigisiri ku bintu byanduye, bizigama ikiguzi cyo gusoza.
Chlorwine ifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gusaba mu nganda za shimi, ibicuruzwa byinshi bifitanye isano rya bugufi. Irashobora gukoreshwa nkumuciriritse, nka vinyl chloride, cyangwa nkibicuruzwa byanyuma, nka Bleach. Muri icyo gihe, chlorine nayo ibaho mu kirere, amazi n'ibindi bidukikije, ibyago ku mubiri w'umuntu nabyo biragaragara. Kubwibyo, mugihe ibikoresho byubuvuzi bifitanye isano na etylene okiside, isesengura ryuzuye ryumusaruro, gutobora, kubika nibindi bintu bigomba gusuzumwa, kandi hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo kugenzura umubare usigaye wa 2-Chloroethanol.
Byavuzwe mu bitabo [6] ko ibikubiye muri 2-chloroethanol byageze hafi 150 μg / igice nyuma yamasaha 72 yo gukemura amayeri ya rowlene, kandi akoresheje ibikoresho byigihe gito cyo guhuza Mu gipimo cya GB / T16886.7-2015, impuzandengo ya buri munsi ya 2-chloroethanol ku murwayi ntagomba kurenza mg 9, kandi amafaranga asigaye ntabwo ari munsi yagaciro kagarukira.
Inyigisho [7] Yapimye ibisigisigi bya Rethyne oxide na 2-chloroethanol mu bwoko butatu bw'imboga z'ubudodo, kandi ibyavuye muri 53.7 μG-1 ku mugozi wa Nylon . YY 0167-2005 ashimangira imipaka yo kumenya Ethylene oxide kuri suture zidasanzwe, kandi nta kumenyeshwa kuri 2-chloroethanol 2. Stutres ifite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha amazi yinganda mubikorwa. Ibyiciro bine by'amazi by'amazi byacu birakoreshwa mu rwego rwo kurengera umutekano mu nganda ndetse n'umubiri wabantu udatera imbere hamwe na Blegae na Microorsem mu mazi, bikoreshwa mu gukusanya icyorezo n'isuku . Ikintu kinini gikora cyane ni Calcium hypochlorite, ikaba yakozwe na pasika ya chlorine binyuze mumashure. Hypoch Stychlorite yoroshye yangiritse byoroshye mu kirere, ingingo nyamukuru yinama ni: ca (Clot) 2 + CO2 + H2O-Caco3 + 2h. Hypochlorite yoroshye muri aside ya hydrochloric n'amazi munsi yumucyo, formula nyamukuru ni: 2Hactco + itara-2hcl + 2hcl +. 2hcl + 02.Hlorine Ions Ion irahishwa byoroshye muri sutures, kandi munsi ya acide idahwitse cyangwa alkaline, oxide oxide ifungura impeta nayo kugirango itange 2-chloroethanol 2.
Byavuzwe mu bitabo [8] ko ibisigaye 2-chloroethanol ku byitegererezo bya IOL byakuweho na acetone kandi bigenwa na gazi chromatografiya-nyinshi. Lens Igice cya 8: Ibisabwa byibanze "bivuga ko umubare usigaye wa 2-chloroethanol udakwiye kurenza 2.0μ kumunsi kuri lens, kandi ko umubare wuzuye wa buri lens utagomba kurenza 5.0 GB / T16886. 7-2015 Ibipimo bivuga ko uburozi bwa ocular bwatewe na 2-chloroethanol ibisigara 2 biruta inshuro 4 ziterwa nurwego rumwe rwa etylene okiside oxide.
Muri make, mugihe cyo gusuzuma ibisigazwa byubuvuzi nyuma yo kuboneza urubyaro rwa Ethylene, oxide oxide na 2-chloroethanol bigomba kwibanda, ariko ibisigara byabo bigomba no gusesengurwa byumvikane.
Mugihe cyo gukonya ibikoresho byubuvuzi, bimwe mubikoresho bibisi byo gukoresha kimwe mubikoresho byubuvuzi cyangwa ibikoresho byo gupakira pollodide (PVC), hamwe na vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) nayo izakorwa na pvc resin Mugihe cyo gutunganya.gb10010-2009 imiyoboro yoroheje ya PVC iteganya ko ibikubiye muri VCM bidashobora kurenga 1μg.g-1. VCM byoroshye cyane mubikorwa bya kataliza (peroxides, nibindi) cyangwa urumuri nubushyuhe bwo gutanga Polyvinyl chloride resin, hamwe bizwi nka vinyl chloride resin. Vinyl chloride iragoranye cyane mubikorwa bya catalyst (peroxide, nibindi) cyangwa umucyo nubushyuhe kugirango bigaragare chloride pollodide, hamwe zizwi nka vinyl chloride resin. Iyo chlolviny yashizwe hejuru ya 100 ° C cyangwa ihuye nimirasire ya ultraviolet, haribishoboka ko haze hydrogen gaze ya sylorage ishobora guhunga. Noneho guhuza imiyoboro ya hydrogen gaze na ethyne oxide imbere ya paki izaba itanga umubare runaka wa 2-chloroethanol.
Ethylene Glycol, ihamye muri kamere, ntabwo ihindagurika. Atom ya ogisijeni muri Ethylene oxide itwara ibice bibiri bya electron kandi ifite hydrofilirity nini, bituma byoroshye kubyara glycol ingendo ya Ethylene iyo kubana na chloride mbi. Kurugero: C2H4O + NACL + H2O - CH2CL - CH2OH + Naoh. Iyi nzira ni shingiro ryibanze mu mperuka ya reaction kandi ibanze cyane kurirangira, kandi abantu b'iki myitwarire ni hasi. Ibihe Byinshi ni ugushiraho Glycol ya Ethylene kuva Ethyne Oxide hamwe namazi: C2H4O + H2OH - CH2Oh - na hydration ya Ethylene oxide yabujije chlorine mbi.
Niba chlorine mbi yatangijwe mubikorwa, kubonezanya, kubika, gutwara no gukoresha ibikoresho byubuvuzi, haribishoboka ko oxide okiside ya Ethylene izakirana nabo gukora 2-chloroethanol. Kubera ko uburyo bwa chlorohdrin bwavanyweho muburyo bwo gukora, ibicuruzwa byayo hagati, 2-chloroethanol, ntibizabaho muburyo butaziguye. Mu gukora ibikoresho byubuvuzi, ibikoresho bibisi bifite imitungo ikomeye ya adsylene oxide na 2-chloroethanol, bityo kugenzura amafaranga yabo isigaye bigomba gusuzumwa mugihe usesenguye nyuma yo kumusesha. Byongeye kandi, mugihe cyo gukora ibikoresho byubuvuzi, ibikoresho fatizo, inyongeramubi, ibibi birimo iminyururu idasanzwe muburyo bwa chloride cyangwa imiterere, ibishoboka byose, sn2 reaction, kandi igahuza na chlorine yubusa ion nziza kugirango itange 2-chloroethanol igomba gusuzumwa.
Kugeza ubu, uburyo busanzwe bwakoreshejwe bwo gutahura oxide oxide, 2-chloroethanol na roylene glycol ni uburyo bwihariye bwa gaze. Oxide oxide nayo irashobora kugaragara nuburyo bwamabara ukoresheje igisubizo cya sulfite gitukura, ariko ko ibisubizo byayo bigira ingaruka kubintu byinshi mubintu byinshi mubihe 37 ° 3 ° C muri Ibidukikije bigezweho kugirango bigenzure reaction ya glycol, kandi igihe cyo gutondeka igisubizo cyo kugeragezwa nyuma yuburyo bwo guteza imbere ibara. Kubwibyo, byemejwe ko kwemeza uburyo (harimo neza, gusobanuka, guhuza, kwiyumvisha, nibindi) muri laboratoire yujuje ibyangombwa byumuntu uhagaze.
III. Ibitekerezo kubikorwa byo gusuzuma
Ethylene oxide, 2-chloroethanol na royone glycol nibisigazwa bisanzwe nyuma ya etylene oxide steride yibikoresho byubuvuzi. Gukora isuzuma risigara, intangiriro yibintu bifitanye isano no gukora no kubika okiside okiside, umusaruro no kubonezanya ibikoresho byubuvuzi bigomba gusuzumwa.
Hariho ibindi bibazo bibiri bigomba kwibanda mubikoresho byo gusuzuma ibikoresho byo kuvura amakuru: 1. Niba ari ngombwa gukora ibizamini byibisigisigi bya 2-Chloroethanol. Mubikorwa bya Ethylene Oxide, niba uburyo bwa chlorohydrin gakondo bukoreshwa, nubwo bwo kwezwa, gukangu gakoreshwa nubundi buryo bizakomeza kubamo ibicuruzwa hagati ya 2-ChloroetHol kurwego runaka, hamwe namafaranga yayo bigomba gusuzumwa. Niba uburyo bwa okiside bukoreshwa, nta butumwa bwo kugatanya 2-chloroethanol, ariko umubare usiba usigaye ababibuza, katalests, nibindi muri Reaction Oxide inzira ikwiye gusuzumwa. Ibikoresho byubuvuzi bikoresha amazi yinganda mumikorere yumusaruro, hamwe na lypochlorite na chlochlorite na chlorine mbi na chlorine nabyo bihimbaza ibicuruzwa byarangiye, niyo mpamvu zituma haboneka ibisigisigi 2-Chloroethanol. Hariho kandi ibibazo ibikoresho fatizo hamwe nibikoresho byubuvuzi bifite iminyururu idasanzwe ikubiyemo imiterere yingenzi cyangwa ibikoresho bya polymer bifite imiterere, nibindi rero, birakenewe kubyumva neza haba ibyago bya 2-chloroethanol Ibisigisigi bigomba kugeragezwa kugirango bisuzumwe, kandi niba hari ibimenyetso bihagije byerekana ko bitazatangizwa muri 2-chloroethanol cyangwa iri munsi yuburyo bwo gutahura, ikizamini kirashobora gusuzumwa no kurwanya ibyago. 2. Kuri rothcol glycol isuzuma ryibisigisigi. Ugereranije na Ethylene oxide na 2-chloroethaLal, imisaruro yuburozi bwa Ethylene iraba hasi, ariko kubera ko Ethylene oxide ya karubone, ariko kuberako etylene oxide na esylene kandi ifite amazi meza ya royone, na Ibirimo muri Ethylene Glycol nyuma yo kuri sterilisation ifitanye isano no kweza okiside ya Ethylene, kandi inahuriye no gupakira, ubushyuhe nubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe bwa etylene bugomba gusuzumwa hakurikijwe ibihe nyirizina . Isuzuma.
Ibipimo ni kimwe mu bikoresho byo gusuzuma tekinike y'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi, isuzuma rya tekiniki ry'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi bigomba kwibanda ku bisabwa byibanze no guteza imbere ibipimo, umusaruro, imikoreshereze, imikoreshereze n'ibindi bice by'isesengura ryuzuye by'ibintu bireba Umutekano ningirakamaro kubitekerezo no kwitoza, ukurikije ubumenyi, ukurikije ibintu bitaziguye kubisanzwe, bitandukanye nuburyo nyabwo bwibicuruzwa, ubushakashatsi niterambere, umusaruro no gukora. Ibikorwa byo gusuzuma bigomba kwita cyane kubikoresho byubuvuzi byatangajwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura isano ijyanye, mugihe kimwe kuri-ikibazo kigomba no kuba "ikibazo" kigomba no kuba "ikibazo cyuzuye kumurimo wa" amaso "kuri Kunoza ireme ryisubiramo, intego yo gusuzuma siyanse.
Inkomoko: Ikigo gishinzwe gusuzuma tekiniki y'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi, ubuyobozi bw'ibiyobyabwenge bwa Leta (SDA)
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Igihe cyohereza: Sep-21-2023